Infectious Disease Epidemiology - Publications

Health Stream Newsletter

Staff of the Unit produce Health Stream - the quarterly public health newsletter of the CRC for Water Quality and Treatment. Health Stream provides information on topical issues in health research of particular relevance to the water industry, and updates on the recent literature.
This publication is available in hardcopy and on the Web page of the CRC for Water Quality and Treatment.

2008

Greenwood Z, Black J, Weld L, O’Brien D, Leder K, Von Sonnenberg F, Pandey P, Schwartz E, Connor BA, Freedman DO, Brown G, Torresi J,  for the GeoSentinel Surveillance Group. Gastrointestinal Infection Among International Travelers Globally. Journal of Travel Medicine 2008; 15(4):221-228.

Gibney KB, MacGregor L, Leder K, Torresi J, Marshall C, Ebeling PR, Biggs BA.Vitamin D deficiency is associated with tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46(3)  443–446.

Leder K,  Wilson ME,  Freedman DO, Torresi J. A Comparative Analysis of Methodological Approaches Used for Estimating Risk in Travel Medicine. Journal of Travel Medicine 2008;15(4): 263-272.

O’Toole J, Sinclair M, Jeavons T, Leder K. Alternative water sources and endotoxin. Water Science and Technology  2008;58(3) 603–607.

O’Toole J, Sinclair M, Diaper C, Leder K. Comparative survival of enteric indicators, E.coli and bacteriophages, MS-2 and PRD-1 on turf grass irrigated with recycled water. Water Science and Technology  2008;58(3) 513–518.

Wilder-Smith A, Leder K, Tambyah PA. Importation of poliomyelitis by travelers. (Letter) Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008;14(2) 351-352.

2007

Friedman ND, Bull AL, Russo PL, Leder K, Reid C, Billah B, Marasco S,^, McBryde E, Richards MJ. An Alternative Scoring System to Predict Risk for Surgical Site Infection Complicating Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 2007; 28(10):1162-8.

Mons MN, van der Wielen JML, Blokker EJM, Sinclair MI, Hulshof KFAM, Dangendorf F, Hunter PR and Medema, G.J. Estimation of the consumption of cold tap water for microbiological risk assessment: an overview of studies and statistical analysis of data. Journal of Water & Health 2007; 5(Suppl 1): s151-70.

O’Toole J, Leder K and Sinclair M. Recycled water and human health effects. Australian Family Physician 2007; 36 (12) 998-1000.

Robinson PJ, Billah B, Leder K, Dinh D , Shardey GC, Skillington PD, Smith JA, Reid CM– on behalf of the ASCTS Database Committee. Factors associated with Deep Sternal Wound Infection and Haemorrhage following Cardiac Surgery in Australia. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery  2007;6(2):167-71

Rizak S and Hrudey SE.(2007) Strategic water quality monitoring for drinking water safety. Water 34(4) 67-71.

Sinclair MI and Schlösser O (2007) Water softening: epidemiological evidence on calcium and magnesium in drinking water and cardiovascular disease. Water21 - Magazine of the International Water Association, February, p18-19.

2006

Leder K, Tong S, Weld L, Kain KC, Wilder-Smith A, Black J, von Sonnenburg F, Brown GV, Torresi J. Illness in Travelers Visiting Friends and Relatives: A Review of the GeoSentinel Network. Clin Infect Dis, Nov 2006: 43(9):1185-93.

Kelsall H, Sim M, McKenzie D, Forbes A, Leder K, Glass D, Ikin J, McFarlane A. Kelsall H, Sim M, McKenzie D, Forbes A, Leder K, Glass D, Ikin J, McFarlane A. Medically evaluated psychological and physical health of Australian Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2006; 60:575-584.

Smith E, Coghlan B, Leder K. Avian Influenza: Clinical and Epidemiological Information for Paramedics and Emergency Healthcare Workers. JEPHC, 2006; 4 (1).

Ferguson C, Deere D, Sinclair M, Chalmers RM, Elwin K, Hadfield S, Xiao L, Ryan U, Gasser R, El-Osta YA, and Stevens M. (2006). Meeting Report: Application of Genotyping Methods to Assess Risks from Cryptosporidium in Watersheds. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(3) 430-434.

O’Brien DP, Leder K, Matchett E, Brown GV, Torresi J. (2006) Illness in returned travellers and immigrants/refugees: the 6 year experience of two Australian infectious diseases units. J Trav Med 13(3):145-52.

Rizak, S. N. and S. E. Hrudey. (2006) Misinterpretation of drinking water quality monitoring data with implications for risk management. Environmental Science & Technology. 40(17), 5244-5250.

2005

Chalmers RM, Ferguson C, Cacciò, Gasser RB, El-Osta YGA, Xiao L, Elwin K, Hadfield S, Sinclair M and Stevens M. (2005) Direct comparison of selected methods for genetic categorisation of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis species. International Journal for Parasitology 35(4) 397-410.

Ferguson C, Deere D, Sinclair M, Chalmers RM, Elwin K, Hadfield S, Xiao L, Ryan U, Gasser R, El-Osta YA, and Stevens M. (2005). Meeting Report: Application of Genotyping Methods to Assess Risks from Cryptosporidium in Watersheds. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(3) 430-434 [Published online 26 October 2005]

Freedman DO and Leder K. (2005) Influenza: Changing Approaches to Prevention and Treatment in Travelers. J Trav Med,12 (1):36-44.

Frost FJ, Tollestrup K, Craun GF, Fairley CK, Sinclair MI and Kunde TR. Protective immunity associated with a strong serological response to a Cryptosporidium-specific antigen group, in HIV-infected individuals. (2005) Journal of Infectious Diseases 192 618-821.

Jalba D., Rizak S., Hrudey S.E. (2005). Interpretation of drinking water monitoring data for environmental health professionals. Environmental Health Journal 5 (3): 40-49.

Leder K and Newman D. (2005) Respiratory infections during air travel. Internal Medicine Journal,35 (1):50-5.

Leder K, Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Fairley CK, and Wolfe R. (2005) No evidence for pathogenicity of Blastocystis hominis in healthy individuals.  Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.20 (9):1390-4 [Published on-line 7 June 2005].

Rizak S, Hrudey SE. (2005). Interdisciplinary comparison of expert risk beliefs. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science. 4 (3): 173-185.

Schindler AR, El-Osta YGA, Stevens M, Sinclair MI, and Gasser RB. (2005).Capillary electrophoretic analysis of fragment length polymorphism in ribosomal markers of Cryptosporidium from humans.  Molecular and Cellular Probes 19 394-399.

Sinclair MI, Hellard ME, Wolfe R, Mitakakis TZ, Leder K, and Fairley CK. (2005) Pathogens causing community gastroenteritis in Australia.  Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 20(11) 1685-1690 (Published on-line 12 October 2005).

2004

Elliott J, O'Brien D, Leder K, Kitchener S and Schwartz E et al (2004). Imported plasmodium vivax malaria: Demographic and clinical features in nonimmune travelers." J Travel Medicine 11 (4): 213-222.

Hrudey SE, Rizak S. 2004. Discussion of: Rapid Analytical Techniques for Drinking Water Security Investigations. Journal of American Water Works Association 96(9):110-113.

Leder K, Black J, O'Brien D, Greenwood Z and Kain KC et al (2004). Malaria in travellers: A review of the GeoSentinal Surveillance Network. Clin Infect Diseases 39: 1104-1112.

Leder K (2004). Parasitic diseases: nervous system effects. Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Adelman G and Smith BH, Elsevier Science.

McNeil J J, Robman L, Tikellis G, Sinclair M I, McCarty C A and Taylor H R (2004). Vitamin E Supplementation and Cataract. Randomised controlled trial. Ophthamology 2004 111: 75-94.

Marshall J, Hellard M, Sinclair M, Fairley C K and Cox B (2004). Failure to detect norovirus in a large group of asymptomatic individuals. Public Health 118: 230-233.

Mitakakis T Z, Sinclair M I and Leder K (2004). Alternative water sources and reuse: what are the public health issues? Medical Journal of Australia, 180: 260-261.

Mitakakis T Z, Wolfe R, Sinclair M I, Fairley C K, Leder K and Hellard M E (2004). Dietary intake and domestic food preparation and handling as risk factors for gastroenteritis: a case-control study, Epidemiology and Infection 132 (4): 601-606.

Mitakakis TZ, Sinclair MI, Fairley CK, Lightbody PK, Leder K and Hellard ME (2004). Food safety in family homes in Melbourne, Australia. J Food Protection 67 (4): 818-822.

Mitakakis TZ, Wolfe R, Sinclair MI, Fairley CK, Leder K and Hellard ME (2004). Dietary intake and domestic food preparation and handling as risk factors for gastroenteritis: a case-control study. Epidemiology and Infection 132 (4): 601-606.

Robins-Browne, R. M., A. M. Bordun, M. Tauschek, V. R. Bennett-Wood, J. Russell, F. Poppedisano, N. A. Lister, K. A. Bettelheim, C. K. Fairley, M. I. Sinclair and M. E. Hellard (2004). Escherichia coli and community-acquired gastroenteritis, Melbourne, Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10 (10): 1797-1805.

Sinclair, M. and S. Rizak (2004). Drinking-water quality management: The Australian Framework. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 67: 1567-1579.

Yung A, Ruff T, Torresi J, Leder K and O'Brian D (2004). Manual of travel medicine: A pre-travel guide for health care practitioners. Melbourne, IP Communications.

Yung A, Ruff T, Torresi J, Leder K and O. B. D (2004). Manual of travel medicine: A pre-travel guide for health care practitioners. Melbourne, IP Communications.

2003

Black J, Fairley CK. Early detection of water-related disease outbreaks. In Drinking Water and Infectious Disease. Establishing the Links. Hunter PR, Waite M, Ronchi E (Eds). CRC Press, 2003:67-77.

Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Harris AH, Kirk, M and Fairley CK (2003) The Cost of Community Gastroenteritis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 18, 322-328.

Leder K, Sundararajan V, Weld L, Pandey P, Brown G, Torresi J (2003). Respiratory tract infections in travelers: A review of the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Clin Inf Dis 36:399-406.

Marshall JA, Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Fairley CK, Cox BJ, Catton MG, Kelly H and Wright PJ. (2003) The incidence and characteristics of endemic Norwalk-like virus-associated gastroenteritis. Journal of Medical Virology 69 (4), 568-578.

Rizak S, Cunliffe D, Sinclair M, Vulcano R, Howard J, Hrudey S, Callan P. (2003). Drinking water quality management: A holistic approach.  Water Science and Technology  47 ( 9), pp31-36.

Robertson B, Fairley CK, Black J, Sinclair M. Case-control studies. In Drinking Water and Infectious Disease. Establishing the Links. Hunter PR, Waite M, Ronchi E (Eds). CRC Press, 2003:175-182.

Leder K, Weller PF. Antiparasitic agents (2003). Manual of Clinical Microbiology (8th Ed). ASM Press, Washington DC, USA.

Leder k, M Sinclair, T Z Mitakakis, M Hellard, A Forbes, C Fairley (2002). A Community-Based Study of Respiratory Events in Melbourne. A NZ J Public Health 27 (4): 399-404.

2002

Fisman DN, Agrawal D, Leder K. The effect of age on immunologic response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35 (11):1368-75.

Froese K L, Sinclair M and Hrudey S E. (2002) Trichloroacetic Acid as a Biomarker of Exposure to Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water: A Human Exposure Trial in Adelaide, Australia. Environ Health Perspect 110 (7):679-87.

Krewski D, Balbus J, Butler-Jones D, Haas C, Isaac-Renton J, Roberts K and Sinclair M. (2002) Managing health risks from drinking water--a report to the Walkerton inquiry. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health Part A. 65 (21):1635-823, 2002 (Nov 8).

Leder K. HIV-infected travellers: What precautions should they take? J Respir Dis 2002;23 (4):259-269.

Leder K. HIV-infected travellers: What should they avoid? J Respir Dis 2002;23 (6):344-351.

Leder K, Weller PF. Selected parasitic infections. Saunders Manual of Pediatric Practice 2nd Ed. WB Saunders Co, Elsevier Science, Philadelphia USA 2002.

Leder K, Sinclair MI, McNeil JJ. Water and the environment: a natural resource or a limited luxury? MJA 2002:177:609-613.

Robertson B, Sinclair M I, Forbes A B, Veitch M, Kirk M, Cunliffe D, Willis J and Fairley C K. (2002) Case-control studies of sporadic cryptosporidiosis in Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia. Epidemiol Infect 128 (3):419-31

Sinclair M I, Hellard M E, Forbes A and Fairley C K. (2002) Assessing microbial risks from drinking water: the Water Quality Study. Vic Infect Dis Bull 5(1):1-3.

Sinclair M I. (2002) Assessing Microbial Risks from Drinking Water: Two Studies. Water: Journal of the Australian Water and Wastewater Association. 29 (1):30-2.

2001

McConnell S, Horrocks M, Sinclair MI and Fairley CK. (2001) Changes in the incidence of gastroenteritis and the implementation of public water treatment. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 11 (4): 299-303.

Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Forbes AB and Fairley CK. (2001) A randomized blinded controlled trial investigating the gastrointestinal health effects of drinking water quality. Environmental Health Perspectives 109 (8): 773-8.

Robertson B, Sinclair M I, Willis J, Forbes A, Fairley C K, Veitch M, Kirk M and Cunliffe D. (2001) Case-control studies of sporadic cryptosporidiosis in Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia. Vic Infect Dis Bull 4 (4):49-51.

Stuart RL. Bennett NJ. Forbes AB. Grayson ML. (2001) Assessing the risk of tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers: the Melbourne Mantoux Study. Melbourne Mantoux Study Group. Medical Journal of Australia. 174 (11):569-73.

Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Forbes A and Fairley CK. (2001) Methods used to maintain a high level of participation in a clinical trial. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 5:348-351.

2000

Robertson B, Forbes A, Sinclair M, Black J, Veitch M, Pilotto L, Kirk M, Fairley CK. (2000) How well does a telephone questionnaire measure drinking water intake? Aust NZ J Public Health 24:619-22.

Robertson B, Sinclair M, Forbes A, Kirk M, Fairley CK. (2000) The effect of an introductory letter on participation rates using telephone recruitment. Aust NZ J Public Health 24:552.

Sinclair MI, Savige GS, Dalais FS, Wahlqvist ML. (2000) Risk science and communication issues and challenges for food: an Australian perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 9 (4):318-321.

Demos L, Kazda H, Cicuttini FM, Sinclair MI, and Fairley CK. (2000) Water fluoridation, osteoporosis, fractures - Recent developments. Australian Dental Journal 46 (2):80-87.

Padiglione AA, Grabsch EA, Olden D, Hellard M, Sinclair MI, Fairley CK and Grayson ML.(2000) Fecal Colonisation with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases 6( 5) 534-536.

Sinclair, MI  and Fairley CK. (2000) Drinking water and gastrointestinal illness. (Letter) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 54: 728.

Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Black J, Dharmage SC, Andrews RM, Kirk MD,and Fairley CK. (2000) An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in an urban swimming pool: why are such outbreaks difficult to detect? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 24 (3) 272-275.

Sinclair MI. (2000) Disinfection Byproducts and Reproductive Effects: where to from here? Water (Journal of the Australian Water Association) 27 (1)16-17.

Hellard ME. (2000) Community gastroenteritis: a primary care approach. Practical Therapeutics (February) 55-59

Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Hogg GG and Fairley CK. (2000) Prevalence of enteric pathogens among community based asymptomatic individuals. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 15 (3) 290-293.